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After the Netherlands, the largest meat exporters in the EU are Spain, Germany, Poland and Denmark. The Netherlands is the largest exporter of beef and veal, the second largest exporter of poultry meat (after Poland) and the fourth largest exporter of pork (after Spain, Germany and Denmark). The main destinations for Dutch meat exports are Germany (mainly veal and beef), the United Kingdom (mainly poultry meat) and China (predominantly pork).
Of Dutch meat exports totalling 8.8 billion euros, 85 percent are exports of domestically produced or processed meat and 15 percent concern re-exports or transit trade.
The Netherlands is also the biggest exporter in terms of weight: last year, 3.6 billion kg of meat was exported. The Netherlands has been a major meat exporter for decades. For example, it already topped the EU ranking in 2000, with meat exports totalling 2.4 billion kg (5 billion euros).
| Netherlands | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 0.8 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 1.9 |
| Germany | 1.0 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
| Poland | 1.4 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.4 |
| Denmark | 0.3 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Source: CBS, Eurostat | ||||
Meat exports account for 60 percent of Dutch earnings from meat sales
The production of and trade in meat generates value added for the Dutch economy. In 2019, the Netherlands earned 8.7 billion euros from total meat sales, of which 5.2 billion euros through exports and 3.5 billion euros through domestic sales. At 8.7 billion euros, the entire Dutch meat chain accounts for 1.1 percent of Dutch GDP and 1.3 percent of total employment in the Netherlands (converted to 98 thousand full-time jobs).
Since 2015, the Netherlands has started to earn more from meat production and trade. The amount stood at 7 billion euros (1.0 percent of GDP) in 2015. The share of exports in total earnings from meat steadily increased from 57 percent in 2015 to 60 percent in 2019.
| 2015 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 4.4 | 3.1 |
| 2017 | 4.7 | 3.3 |
| 2018 | 4.7 | 3.4 |
| 2019 | 5.2 | 3.5 |
Imports of live animals and animal feed raw materials are necessary for meat exports
Dutch meat exports require imports, such as live animals, meat that still needs to be processed or animal feed raw materials. Live poultry is the largest import category (240 million euros in 2019, mainly from Germany), followed by maize and wheat. As animal feed raw materials, maize (mostly from Ukraine) and wheat (mainly from France) contribute indirectly to Dutch meat exports. Other animal feed raw materials are crude palm oil (mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia) and soybeans (mainly from Brazil and the United States).
| Live poultry | 240 | 0 |
|---|---|---|
| Maize | 21 | 54 |
| Wheat and meslin | 61 | 2 |
| De-boned beef | 27 | 35 |
| Live calves up to 80 kg | 60 | 0 |
| Carcasses of bovine animals | 54 | 0 |
| Crude palm oil | 3 | 47 |
| Soybeans | 2 | 43 |
| Wild boar meat | 40 | 0 |
| Other pork | 32 | 0 |
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