Shoppers opened their wallets this holiday season as they have for much of 2023, even crowding into shopping malls to scoop up last-minute holiday gifts and discounts in the days before Christmas.

U.S. retail sales rose 3.1% from Nov. 1 through Dec. 24, according to Mastercard SpendingPulse, which measures sales in stores and online. The estimate, which isn’t adjusted for inflation, reflects a year marked by rising prices and a strong U.S. job market.