Navigating the continuum between adaptation and maladaptation – Nature Climate Change

[ad_1]

  • The Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015); https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/parisagreement_publication.pdf

  • IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (eds Field, C. B. et al.) 34 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014).

  • Adaptation Gap Report 2022 (UNEP, 2022).

  • New, M. et al. in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (eds Pörtner, H. O. et al.) 2539–2654 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022); https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.026

  • Canales, N., Klein, R. J. T., Bakhtaoui, I. & Macura, B. Assessing adaptation progress for the global stocktake. Nat. Clim. Change 13, 413–414 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Juhola, S. & Käyhkö, J. Maladaptation as a concept and a metric in national adaptation policy – should we, would we, could we? PLoS Clim. 2, e0000213 (2023).

  • Berrang-Ford, L. et al. Mapping evidence of human adaptation to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 989–1000 (2021).

  • Ford, J. D. et al. Adaptation tracking for a post-2015 climate agreement. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 967–969 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brooks, N. et al. Framing and Tracking 21st Century Climate Adaptation: Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning for Paris, the SDGs and Beyond (IIED, 2019).

  • Dilling, L. et al. Is adaptation success a flawed concept? Nat. Clim. Change 9, 572–574 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tompkins, E. L., Vincent, K., Nicholls, R. J. & Suckall, N. Documenting the state of adaptation for the global stocktake of the Paris Agreement. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 9, e545 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Eriksen, S. et al. Adaptation interventions and their effect on vulnerability in developing countries: help, hindrance or irrelevance? World Dev. 141, 105383 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • IPCC: Annex II – Glossary. In Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (eds Möller, V. et al.) 2897–2930 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022); https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.029

  • Barnett, J. & O’Neill, S. Maladaptation. Glob. Environ. Change 20, 211–213 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Juhola, S., Glaas, E., Linnér, B. O. & Neset, T. S. Redefining maladaptation. Environ. Sci. Policy 55, 135–140 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Magnan, A. K. et al. Addressing the risk of maladaptation to climate change. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 7, 646–665 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Antwi-Agyei, P., Dougill, A. J. & Stringer, L. C. Barriers to climate change adaptation: evidence from northeast Ghana in the context of a systematic literature review. Clim. Dev. 7, 297–309 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Magnan, A. K. & Ribera, T. Global adaptation after Paris. Science 352, 1280–1282 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gajjar, S. P., Singh, C. & Deshpande, T. Tracing back to move ahead: a review of development pathways that constrain adaptation futures. Clim. Dev. 11, 223–237 (2018).

  • Schipper, E. L. F. Maladaptation: when adaptation to climate change goes very wrong. One Earth 3, 409–414 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moser, S. C. & Boykoff, M. T. (eds) Successful Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Science and Policy in a Rapidly Changing World (Taylor and Francis, 2013).

  • Singh, C., Dorward, P. & Osbahr, H. Developing a holistic approach to the analysis of farmer decision-making: implications for adaptation policy and practice in developing countries. Land Use Policy 59, 329–343 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Magnan, A. K., Schipper, E. L. F. & Duvat, V. K. E. Frontiers in climate change adaptation science: advancing guidelines to design adaptation pathways. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. 6, 166–177 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, G. What makes climate change adaptation effective? A systematic review of the literature. Glob. Environ. Change 62, 102071 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Berrang-Ford, L. et al. Tracking global climate change adaptation among governments. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 440–449 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guyadeen, D., Thistlethwaite, J. & Henstra, D. Evaluating the quality of municipal climate change plans in Canada. Climatic Change https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2312-1 (2018).

  • Otto, A., Kern, K., Haupt, W., Eckersley, P. & Thieken, A. H. Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities. Climatic Change 167, 5 (2021).

  • Reckien, D. et al. How are cities planning to respond to climate change? Assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the EU-28. J. Clean. Prod. 191, 207–219 (2018).

  • Neder, E. A. et al. Urban adaptation index: assessing cities readiness to deal with climate change. Climatic Change 166, 1–20 (2021).

  • Otto, A., Göpfert, C. & Thieken, H. A. Are cities prepared for climate change? An analysis of adaptation readiness in 104 German cities. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 26, 35 (2021).

  • Araos, M. et al. Climate change adaptation planning in large cities: a systematic global assessment. Environ. Sci. Policy 66, 375–382 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aguiar, F. C. et al. Adaptation to climate change at local level in Europe: an overview. Environ. Sci. Policy 86, 38–63 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grafakos, S. et al. Integration of mitigation and adaptation in urban climate change action plans in Europe: a systematic assessment. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 121, 109623 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Reckien, D. et al. Dedicated versus mainstreaming approaches in local climate plans in Europe. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 112, 948–959 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pietrapertosa, F. et al. Urban climate change mitigation and adaptation planning: are Italian cities ready? Cities 91, 93–105 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Olazabal, M., Galarraga, I., Ford, J., Sainz De Murieta, E. & Lesnikowski, A. Are local climate adaptation policies credible? A conceptual and operational assessment framework. Int. J. Urban Sustain. Dev. 11, 277–296 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Olazabal, M., Ruiz De Gopegui, M., Tompkins, E. L., Venner, K. & Smith, R. A cross-scale worldwide analysis of coastal adaptation planning. Environ. Res. Lett. 14, 124056 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sherman, M. H. & Ford, J. Stakeholder engagement in adaptation interventions: an evaluation of projects in developing nations. Clim. Policy 14, 417–441 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Noble, I. R. et al. in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (eds Field, C. B. et al.) 833–868 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014); https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107415379.019

  • Singh, C. et al. Interrogating ‘effectiveness’ in climate change adaptation: 11 guiding principles for adaptation research and practice. Clim. Dev. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2021.1964937 (2021).

  • Orlove, B. The concept of adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 47, 535–581 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schipper, E. L. F. Catching maladaptation before it happens. Nat. Clim. Change 12, 617–618 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • O’Neill, B. et al. in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (eds Pörtner, H.-O. et al.) 2411–2538 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press); https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.025

  • Schipper, E. L. F. et al. in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (eds Pörtner, H.-O. et al.) 2655–2807 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022); https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.027

  • Eriksen, S. H., Nightingale, A. J. & Eakin, H. Reframing adaptation: the political nature of climate change adaptation. Glob. Environ. Change 35, 523–533 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hallegatte, S. Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate change. Glob. Environ. Change 19, 240–247 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Magnan, A. Avoiding maladaptation to climate change: towards guiding principles. Sapiens http://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/1680 (2014).

  • Lamb, W. F., Creutzig, F., Callaghan, M. W. & Minx, J. C. Learning about urban climate solutions from case studies. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 279–287 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brondizio, E. S., Settele, J., Díaz, A. & Ngo, H. T. (eds) Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2019); https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673

  • Pelling, M. & Garschagen, M. Put equity first in climate adaptation. Nature 569, 327–329 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, G. Equity and justice as central components of climate change adaptation. One Earth 4, 1373–1374 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Reckien, D. et al. Climate change, equity and the Sustainable Development Goals: an urban perspective. Environ. Urban. 29, 159–182 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Reckien, D. et al. in Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network (eds Rosenzweig, C. et al.) 173–224 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2018); https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316563878.013

  • Roy, J. et al. Synergies and trade-offs between climate change adaptation options and gender equality: a review of the global literature. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun. 9, 251 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rao, N. et al. Managing risk, changing aspirations and household dynamics: implications for wellbeing and adaptation in semi-arid Africa and India. World Dev. 125, 104667 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Berrang-Ford, L. et al. A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 989–1000 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Katwijk, M. M. et al. Global analysis of seagrass restoration: the importance of large‐scale planting. J. Appl. Ecol. 53, 567–578 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bustamante, M. M. C. et al. Ecological restoration as a strategy for mitigating and adapting to climate change: lessons and challenges from Brazil. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 24, 1249–1270 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Parker, V. T. & Boyer, K. E. Sea-level rise and climate change impacts on an urbanized Pacific coast estuary. Wetlands 39, 1219–1232 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McGuire, J. L., Lawler, J. J., McRae, B. H., Nuñez, T. A. & Theobald, D. M. Achieving climate connectivity in a fragmented landscape. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 7195–7200 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Derolez, V. et al. Fifty years of ecological changes: regime shifts and drivers in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon during oligotrophication. Sci. Total Environ. 732, 139292 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kriegler, E., Hall, J., Held, H., Dawson, R. & Schellnuhber, H. J. Imprecise probability assessment of tipping points in the climate system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 5041–5046 (2009).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Forster, P. M. et al. Current and future global climate impacts resulting from COVID-19. Nat. Clim. Change 10, 913–919 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fleischman, F. et al. Pitfalls of tree planting show why we need people-centered natural climate solutions. Bioscience 70, 947–950 (2020).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Vansteenkiste, J. Considering the ecohealth approach: shaping Haitian women’s participation in urban agricultural projects. Dev. Pract. 24, 18–29 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Newsham, A. et al. Ecosystems-based adaptation: are we being conned? Evidence from Mexico. Glob. Environ. Change 49, 14–26 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bedelian, C. & Ogutu, J. O. Trade-offs for climate-resilient pastoral livelihoods in wildlife conservancies in the Mara ecosystem, Kenya. Pastoralism 7, 10 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jones, K. W., Powlen, K., Roberts, R. & Shinbrot, X. Participation in payments for ecosystem services programs in the global south: a systematic review. Ecosyst. Serv. 45, 101159 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Anguelovski, I. et al. Why green ‘climate gentrification’ threatens poor and vulnerable populations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 26139–26143 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Watkins, S. L., Mincey, S. K., Vogt, J. & Sweeney, S. P. Is planting equitable? An examination of the spatial distribution of nonprofit urban tree-planting programs by canopy cover, income, race, and ethnicity. Environ. Behav. 49, 452–482 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tran, L. & Brown, K. The importance of ecosystem services to smallholder farmers in climate change adaptation: learning from an ecosystem-based adaptation pilot in Vietnam. Agrofor. Syst. 93, 1949–1960 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Richerzhagen, C. et al. Ecosystem-based adaptation projects, more than just adaptation: analysis of social benefits and costs in Colombia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, 4248 (2019).

  • Camps-Calvet, M., Langemeyer, J., Calvet-Mir, L. & Gómez-Baggethun, E. Ecosystem services provided by urban gardens in Barcelona, Spain: insights for policy and planning. Environ. Sci. Policy 62, 14–23 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Smith, J. G., DuBois, B. & Krasny, M. E. Framing for resilience through social learning: impacts of environmental stewardship on youth in post-disturbance communities. Sustain. Sci. 11, 441–453 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sandholz, S., Lange, W. & Nehren, U. Governing green change: ecosystem-based measures for reducing landslide risk in Rio de Janeiro. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 32, 75–86 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Wilgen, B. W. & Wannenburgh, A. Co-facilitating invasive species control, water conservation and poverty relief: achievements and challenges in South Africa’s Working for Water programme. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 19, 7–17 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Alexandra, J. The city as nature and the nature of the city—climate adaptation using living infrastructure: governance and integration challenges. Australas. J. Water Resour. 21, 63–76 (2017).

  • de la Torre-Castro, M. Inclusive management through gender consideration in small-scale fisheries: the why and the how. Front. Mar. Sci. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00156 (2019).

  • Khonje, M., Manda, J., Alene, A. D. & Kassie, M. Analysis of adoption and impacts of improved maize varieties in eastern Zambia. World Dev. 66, 695–706 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Abid, M., Schneider, U. A. & Scheffran, J. Adaptation to climate change and its impacts on food productivity and crop income: perspectives of farmers in rural Pakistan. J. Rural Stud. 47, 254–266 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mutenje, M. J. et al. A cost–benefit analysis of climate-smart agriculture options in southern Africa: balancing gender and technology. Ecol. Econ. 163, 126–137 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Raymond-Yakoubian, J., Raymond-Yakoubian, B. & Moncrie, C. The incorporation of traditional knowledge into Alaska federal fisheries management. Mar. Policy 78, 132–142 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wilkes, A., Barnes, A. P., Batkhishig, B. & Clare, A. Is cross-breeding with indigenous sheep breeds an option for climate-smart agriculture? Small Rumin. Res. 147, 83–88 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sapkota, T. B., Jat, M. L., Aryal, J. P., Jat, R. K. & Khatri-Chhetri, A. Climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of coservation agriculture: some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains. J. Integr. Agric. 14, 1524–1533 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nadège, M. T. et al. Carbon storage potential of cacao agroforestry systems of different age and management intensity. Clim. Dev. 11, 543–554 (2019).

  • Willett, W. et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 393, 447–492 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Agroecological and Other Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems that Enhance Food Security and Nutrition: A Report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (HLPE, 2019).

  • Clark, K. H. & Nicholas, K. A. Introducing urban food forestry: a multifunctional approach to increase food security and provide ecosystem services. Landsc. Ecol. 28, 1649–1669 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Smith, P. et al. Which practices co-deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification? Glob. Change Biol. 26, 1532–1575 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gautier, D., Locatelli, B., Corniaux, C. & Alary, V. Global changes, livestock and vulnerability: the social construction of markets as an adaptive strategy. Geogr. J. 182, 153–164 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Broekens, R., Escarameia, M., Cantelmo, C. & Woolhouse, G. in Innovative Coastal Zone Management: Sustainable Engineering for a Dynamic Coast (ed. Schofield, A.) 253–262 (2012).

  • Anton, I. A., Panaitescu, M., Panaitescu, F. V. & Ghiţǎ, S. Impact of coastal protection systems on marine ecosystems. E3S Web Conf. 85, 07011 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rangel-Buitrago, N., Williams, A. T. & Anfuso, G. Hard protection structures as a principal coastal erosion management strategy along the Caribbean coast of Colombia. A chronicle of pitfalls. Ocean Coast. Manag. 156, 58–75 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cooper, J. A. G., O’Connor, M. C. & McIvor, S. Coastal defences versus coastal ecosystems: a regional appraisal. Mar. Policy 111, 102332 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mcleod, E. et al. Raising the voices of Pacific Island women to inform climate adaptation policies. Mar. Policy 93, 178–185 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Adnan, M. S. G., Abdullah, A. Y. M., Dewan, A. & Hall, J. W. The effects of changing land use and flood hazard on poverty in coastal Bangladesh. Land Use Policy 99, 104868 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Meerow, S. Double exposure, infrastructure planning, and urban climate resilience in coastal megacities: a case study of Manila. Environ. Plan. A 49, 2649–2672 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Koppel Maldonado, J., Shearer, C., Bronen, R., Peterson, K. & Lazrus, H. in Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States (eds Maldonado Koppel, J. et al.) 93–106 (Springer, 2014).

  • Maldonado, J. K. A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: lessons learned from coastal Louisiana’s tribal communities. J. Polit. Ecol. 21, 61–82 (2014).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Keene, E. Lessons from relocations past: climate change, tribes, and the need for pragmatism in community relocation planning. Am. Indian Law Rev. 42, 259–289 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Siders, A. R. Social justice implications of US managed retreat buyout programs. Climatic Change 152, 239–257 (2019).

  • Marino, E. Adaptation privilege and voluntary buyouts: perspectives on ethnocentrism in sea level rise relocation and retreat policies in the US. Glob. Environ. Change 49, 10–13 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zander, K. K., Petheram, L. & Garnett, S. T. Stay or leave? Potential climate change adaptation strategies among Aboriginal people in coastal communities in northern Australia. Nat. Hazards 67, 591–609 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hadi, A. Dams and destruction: the case study of Indus Delta, Sindh, Pakistan. Environ. Justice 12, 48–60 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rousseau, J. When land, water and green‐grabbing cumulate: hydropower expansion, livelihood resource reallocation and legitimisation in southwest China. Asia Pac. Viewp. 61, 134–146 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wu, H. et al. Effects of dam construction on biodiversity: a review. J. Clean. Prod. 221, 480–489 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, B., Fang, K. H. & Baerenklau, K. A. Have Chinese water pricing reforms reduced urban residentialwater demand? Water Resour. Res. 53, 5057–5069 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lavee, D., Danieli, Y., Beniad, G., Shvartzman, T. & Ash, T. Examining the effectiveness of residential water demand-side management policies in Israel. Water Policy 15, 585–597 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Xiong, L., Liang, C., Ma, B., Shah, F. & Wu, W. Carbon footprint and yield performance assessment under plastic film mulching for winter wheat production. J. Clean. Prod. 270, 122468 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Eckelman, M. J. & Sherman, J. Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health. PLoS ONE 11, e0157014 (2016).

  • Basu, S., Andrews, J., Kishore, S., Panjabi, R. & Stuckler, D. Comparative performance of private and public healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 9, e1001244 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Codjoe, S. N. A. et al. Impact of extreme weather conditions on healthcare provision in urban Ghana. Soc. Sci. Med. 258, 113072 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Perera, D., Agnihotri, J., Seidou, O. & Djalante, R. Identifying societal challenges in flood early warning systems. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 51, 101794 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lang, T. & Mason, P. Sustainable diet policy development: implications of multi-criteria and other approaches, 2008–2017. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 77, 331–346 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Adeyemi, H. M. M. Food security: agriculture and gender relations in post harvest storage. Afr. Res. Rev. 4, 144–152 (2010).

  • Siegner, A., Sowerwine, J. & Acey, C. Does urban agriculture improve food security? Examining the nexus of food access and distribution of urban produced foods in the United States: a systematic review. Sustainability 10, 2988 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Preka, R. et al. Household food wastage in Albania: causes, extent and implications. Future Food J. Food Agric. Soc. https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202002281029 (2020).

  • Swinburn, B. A. et al. The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: The Lancet Commission report. Lancet 393, 791–846 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Uddin, M. N., Bokelmann, W. & Entsminger, J. S. Factors affecting farmers’ adaptation strategies to environmental degradation and climate change effects: a farm level study in Bangladesh. Climate 2, 223–241 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Marshall, N. A. et al. Transformational capacity in Australian peanut farmers for better climate adaptation. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 34, 583–591 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zomer, R. J. et al. Global tree cover and biomass carbon on agricultural land: the contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets. Sci. Rep. 6, 29987 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H. Agricultural diversification and dietary diversity: a feminist political ecology of the everyday experiences of landless and smallholder households in northern Ghana. Geoforum 86, 63–75 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Coirolo, C., Commins, S., Haque, I. & Pierce, G. Climate change and social protection in Bangladesh: are existing programmes able to address the impacts of climate change? Dev. Policy Rev. 31, o74–o90 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Su, Y. et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of labor protection policy on occupational injuries caused by extreme heat in a large subtropical city of China. Environ. Res. 186, 109532 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tenzing, J. D. Integrating social protection and climate change adaptation: a review. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 11, e626 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Narayanan, S. & Gerber, N. Social safety nets for food and nutrition security in India. Glob. Food Secur. 15, 65–76 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Weldegebriel, Z. B. & Prowse, M. Climate-change adaptation in Ethiopia: to what extent does social protection influence livelihood diversification? Dev. Policy Rev. 31, o35–o56 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Godfrey-Wood, R. & Flower, B. C. R. Does guaranteed employment promote resilience to climate change? The case of India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). Dev. Policy Rev. 36, 586–604 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barbeaux, S. J., Holsman, K. & Zador, S. Marine heatwave stress test of ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Gulf of Alaska Pacific cod fishery. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 703 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fisher, E., Hellin, J., Greatrex, H. & Jensen, N. Index insurance and climate risk management: addressing social equity. Dev. Policy Rev. 37, 581–602 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jensen, N. & Barrett, C. Agricultural index insurance for development. Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy 39, 199–219 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bogale, A. Weather-indexed insurance: an elusive or achievable adaptation strategy to climate variability and change for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Clim. Dev. 7, 246–256 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • O’Hare, P., White, I. & Connelly, A. Insurance as maladaptation: resilience and the ‘business as usual’ paradox. Environ. Plan. C 34, 1175–1193 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lin, P.-S. S. Building resilience through ecosystem restoration and community participation: post-disaster recovery in coastal island communities. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 39, 101249 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ahmad, D. & Afzal, M. Flood hazards and factors influencing household flood perception and mitigation strategies in Pakistan. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27, 15375–15387 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Duarte, C. M., Losada, I. J., Hendriks, I. E., Mazarrasa, I. & Marbà, N. The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change 3, 961–968 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, C. & Li, S. Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas. Sci. Rep. 11, 9367 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hendrickson, T. P. & Horvath, A. A perspective on cost-effectiveness of greenhouse gas reduction solutions in water distribution systems. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 024017 (2014).

  • Eakin, H. C., Lemos, M. C. & Nelson, D. R. Differentiating capacities as a means to sustainable climate change adaptation. Glob. Environ. Change 27, 1–8 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Adger, W. N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N. & O’Brien, K. Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change 3, 112–117 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Antwi-Agyei, P., Dougill, A. J., Stringer, L. C. & Codjoe, S. N. A. Adaptation opportunities and maladaptive outcomes in climate vulnerability hotspots of northern Ghana. Clim. Risk Manag. 19, 83–93 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barnett, J. et al. A local coastal adaptation pathway. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 1103–1108 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lawrence, J., Bell, R., Blackett, P., Stephens, S. & Allan, S. National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea-level rise: anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environ. Sci. Policy 82, 100–107 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jacobs, B., Boronyak, L., Mitchell, P., Vandenberg, M., & Batten, B. Towards a climate change adaptation strategy for national parks: adaptive management pathways under dynamic risk. Environ. Sci. Policy 89, 206–215 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bosomworth, K. & Gaillard, E. Engaging with uncertainty and ambiguity through participatory ‘Adaptive Pathways’ approaches: scoping the literature. Environ. Res. Lett. 14, 093007 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Carstens, C. et al. Insights from testing a modified dynamic adaptive policy pathways approach for spatial planning at the municipal level. Sustainability 11, 433 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wise, R. M. et al. Reconceptualising adaptation to climate change as part of pathways of change and response. Glob. Environ. Change 28, 325–336 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Haasnoot, M., Kwakkel, J. H., Walker, W. E. & ter Maat, J. Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: a method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Glob. Environ. Change 23, 485–498 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (WMO, 2018); https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf

  • [ad_2]

    Source link