TEL AVIV, Israel—Far-right Israeli ministers are increasingly calling for Palestinians to leave Gaza and for Jews to rebuild settlements there, complicating Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s efforts to maintain diplomatic support for the war against Hamas while also ensuring his own political survival.

Netanyahu faces one of the greatest threats to his 16-year leadership, with dismal approval ratings after Hamas killed more than 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took more than 200 people hostage on Oct. 7. Careful not to alienate key members of his cabinet and risk the collapse of his government, he has been quiet on the remarks despite pressure to disavow them from the U.S., Israel’s most important ally.