F.B: As we make components and power systems more complex by adding further functionalities, we need to ensure that they behave like we want them to behave. We are installing more and more components into the grid which need to operate reliably over time. The complexity of modern power systems is a challenge in my opinion.

I.R: Moving forward there is no doubt that the need for faster, more efficient and intelligent solutions will continue to grow to manage the increasing need for flexibility. Continuous changes in the grid will further push stability limits and will require solutions that not only ensure reliability and security, but make the grids more resilient and interoperable.

Technology will continue to evolve to solve these future challenges. For example, grid forming functionality will ensure the robust performance of power electronics in weak grids or in isolated mode, and will enable virtual inertia with active power components. Harmonization and interoperability among technology suppliers will be key to ensuring their solutions can communicate and coexist in the same environment – for instance, the EU interoperability program with regard to offshore meshed grids. In general, we see an active energy community contributing many new ideas. It is perhaps a challenge to identify which of those will bring the highest value to the industry, i.e. topologies that will last in time, that will be scalable and applicable for different applications. 

In addition, the large share of power electronics that we will have in the grid raises the challenge of how individual control systems will relate to each other and be coordinated to optimize performance. Real-time monitoring of systems and sub-systems will bring useful information to ensure control systems are correctly designed. Furthermore, deploying these solutions at scale will require a sustainable supply chain to ensure raw material and equipment availability in a compliant and cost-efficient manner. 

In conclusion, we in the energy industry need to keep learning how to adapt the way we design, plan and operate traditional systems so that they too can harness the opportunities that power electronics bring. Collaborations and partnerships are key to succeeding in this journey!