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A recent extension of the Northern Line to Battersea was less expensive but still cost £1.5bn or £743m per mile.
In stark contrast, an 81-mile subway network in Madrid cost just £68m per mile.
The first phase of HS2 will also cost at least £53.1bn, or £396m per mile, compared to a high speed rail link between Paris and Strasbourg that cost £31m per mile, adjusted for inflation.
The UK has also paid far more for some road projects.
Mr Dumitriu pointed to the Lower Thames Crossing scheme, which aims to improve transport between Essex and Kent by tunnelling under the Thames and is set to cost £9bn, or £700m per mile.
Despite five consultations, and more than £250m spent on a 63,000-page planning application, the scheme is yet to be granted consent.
“In effect, a quarter of a billion spent so one branch of government can ask another branch of government for permission with no guarantee of success,” Mr Dumitriu wrote in a research note published online.
Norway’s Laerdal tunnel, the longest road tunnel in the world, only cost £140m, adjusted for inflation, or £9m per mile, he added.
The A14 from Cambridge to Huntingdon also cost £1.6bn for 21 miles, whereas Norway’s Ryfast and Eiganes tunnels, which were 14 miles long but burrowed 290 metres under the sea through solid rock, cost just £700m.
Mr Dumitriu said Britain could bring infrastructure costs down by using more standardised designs and reducing the use of expensive features such as tunnels, viaducts and bridges as much as possible.
A “stop-start” approach to major projects also made it harder for the UK to retain the skills and experience of people who had worked on big projects, he added.
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