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- By Jonathan Amos
- BBC Science Correspondent
The network-completing satellites will ride India’s biggest rocket
London-based company OneWeb is set to launch the final satellites in its space internet network this weekend.
Thirty-six spacecraft will launch on an Indian rocket, to take the in-orbit constellation to more than 600.
If all goes to plan they will soon be capable of delivering broadband internet to every corner of the Earth.
It’s less than three years since the UK government took the decision to buy OneWeb out of bankruptcy.
Since then, the firm has managed to attract significant additional investment, and is even now planning a next generation of satellites.
The latest batch is due to go up from the Sriharikota spaceport at 09:00 Indian Standard Time on Sunday (04:30 GMT).
The 36 spacecraft will ride on India’s biggest rocket, the LVM3.
It will take some months for the satellites to be tested and to get into the right part of the sky, but when they are in position OneWeb will have the facility to deliver a global service.
Only one other organisation in the world is flying more satellites in space today – and that’s OneWeb’s chief competitor: the Starlink system operated by Elon Musk.
Unlike the US entrepreneur’s network, OneWeb is not selling broadband connections direct to the individual user. Its clients, principally, are the telecoms companies that provide this internet service. They might also be employing the connectivity to supplement, or expand, the infrastructure in their mobile phone networks.
Each satellite weighs about 150kg. The next generation will be bigger and more powerful
The system will require the necessary ground infrastructure to command and control all the satellites and link them to the internet, but this too should be fully up and running come the end of 2023.
OneWeb has been a decade in gestation. Projected as a $6bn project, it ran into money woes in early 2020 and sought the protection of US bankruptcy laws until a buyer could be found. At the time, it had lofted just 74 satellites.
With its debts wiped out, OneWeb then moved quickly to build out the network and secure wider investment. It’s currently working through a merger plan with Paris-based Eutelsat, best known for distributing thousands of TV channels around the world.
The system will fly 49 satellites in 12 planes – with spares ready to jump in
OneWeb has made the UK a major space player.
The number of satellites in the constellation has demanded a big commitment from the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority, which is Britain’s licensing agency for space activity.
All ground infrastructure should be in place come the year’s end
“We undertake a significant oversight role, to make sure that their satellites are all healthy, and they they’re operating within the limits that OneWeb have set out and that we agreed to,” explained Colin Macleod, the authority’s head of space regulation.
“Our team has regular meetings at OneWeb’s White City headquarters. All their engineers sit in a room where they present what they’re doing, and if they have any risks or issues – they will talk us through the solutions so that our engineers will be comfortable with their actions,” he told BBC News.
Safety is paramount. The region in the sky where OneWeb spacecraft are moving – from 600km in altitude up to 1,200km – is becoming ever more congested, and the CAA wants assurance that the constellation is being flown in a responsible manner.
Much of the operation necessarily has to be automated, and the command and control software has had to scale rapidly over the past three years.
Image source, James Speakman
Flat antennas electronically steer to connect with the satellites in the sky
Sunday’s launch takes the number of satellites from 582 to 618.
In May, another 15 will go up to act as in-orbit spares. These will be joined by a demonstration spacecraft that will trial future technologies.
OneWeb plans to expand its network in the coming years to include bigger, more powerful spacecraft. But contrary to earlier indications, the constellation will probably now be kept under 1,000 individual satellites.
The next generation will, though, provide ancillary services, such as signals that allow users to fix their position on the surface of the Earth or know the precise time (services akin to those currently provided by satellite-navigation systems like GPS and Galileo).
The core business will remain connectivity.
OneWeb has a series of flat-panel antennas coming on to the market for its customers.
In contrast to traditional steerable dishes, these units electronically track satellites across the sky to maintain the data links.
One of these antennas, produced by Kymeta, was trialled recently on Mount Snowdon in Wales to provide mountain rescue teams with stable broadband communications where previously there was no network availability.
OneWeb is intent on merging its operations with Paris-based Eutelsat
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